Every figure on Climópolis has a source, and a destination is published only when all its sections have data. This page explains where everything comes from and which rules we use.
Which destinations
The list comes from Wikidata: cities and towns that have a Wikivoyage guide in Spanish or English. Within each country, we list them by how much interest they draw online: how often their Wikipedia and Wikivoyage articles are read, averaged over several measurements to cover different seasons. It measures popularity, not how many tourists they receive.
City neighbourhoods are not separate destinations. We leave out disputed territories, because we do not want to take sides on which country they belong to.
Weather
We use the World Meteorological Organization's 1991–2020 climate normals: the official 30-year averages that each national weather service computes from its stations, published by NOAA (WMO Member Nations, 2023).
- A destination takes a station's data only if the station is less than 30 km away and within 200 m of altitude. That small difference is corrected at 0.65 °C per 100 m.
- We show each month's average high and low, total rainfall, rainy days (1 mm or more) and, where the station measures it, sunshine hours.
- Every page names the station used and how far away it is.
We also tested reanalysis models (ERA5, ERA5-Land and CHELSA), which cover the whole planet. In mountains and on coasts they were 2 to 4 °C off compared with stations, so we do not use them on their own: a destination without a nearby station has no weather published yet.
Local time, sunrise and daylight
The time zone comes from the destination's coordinates, using the time zone boundaries of timezone-boundary-builder (data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL). Sunrise, sunset and each month's daylight are computed with astronomical formulas, including midnight sun and polar night.
What to pack
It is built with fixed rules from each month's weather. Some of them:
| If… | We suggest |
|---|---|
| The high is 24 °C or more | Light cotton or linen T-shirts |
| The low is 0 °C or less | Thermal top, thick jacket, thermal socks |
| The low is 7 °C or less | Warm jacket |
| The low is 15 °C or more | No warm layer needed |
| 70 mm of rain or more, or 10 rainy days or more | Closed shoes and an umbrella |
| The low is 0 °C or less and rain is 60 mm or more | It may snow: waterproof boots |
| 12 °C or more between high and low | Dress in layers |
What to buy
Souvenirs are researched by an AI assistant (Claude, by Anthropic) using web searches, following written rules:
- Between 3 and 6 products typical of the place, each with at least one source that mentions it for that destination. Sources are listed under each product.
- We name the kind of place where it is sold (a fair, a market, a shopping street), not shops or brands.
- We give an approximate price in US dollars only when published data exists. When it does not, we say so.
- An automatic check reviews every entry: that sources exist and respond, that both languages are there, that prices make sense and that there is no promotional language. A destination without 3 sourced products is not published.
- Every entry shows the month it was researched.
Photos
Photos come from Wikimedia Commons: the Wikivoyage guide banner or the destination's main image on Wikidata. We use only free licences (public domain, CC0, CC BY and CC BY-SA), and every photo shows its author and licence. We do not use AI-generated images.
Distances
They are straight-line distances over the Earth's surface, computed from each destination's coordinates.
Sources and licences
- Wikidata: places, coordinates, population and altitude (CC0).
- Wikipedia and Wikivoyage: article visits, used to rank destinations.
- World Meteorological Organization and NOAA NCEI: 1991–2020 climate normals.
- OpenStreetMap, via timezone-boundary-builder: time zone boundaries (ODbL).
- Wikimedia Commons: photos, under each author's licence.
Found a mistake? Write to us and we will check it.